What makes the diagnosis of lung cancer? doctor evaluates a person's medical history, smoking history, exposure to environmental and work substances, a family history of cancer, as well as physical examination and chest X-ray to find the cause of symptoms. Other tests may be performed as needed.
the patient's history - if the doctor suspects lung cancer, they will: explore the medical history, perform a thorough physical examination, in order to further specialized medical tests. As part of its history, the doctor will ask you: If you smoke or have smoked before, your interest and
Place of work: if you were exposed to hazardous substances at work or radiation. Do you have a family history of lung cancer
Diagnosis of lung cancer
Screening helps find cancer at an early stage when cure is a series of tests before a person shows any symptoms. Early detection of abnormal tissue or cancer confirms the favorable treatment of the cancer completely unlike the detection of symptoms when the cancer could spread.
There are several ways to diagnose if someone is in the early stages of cancer pluća.Fizički examination and medical history: physical examination, checking general signs of health or disease, such as disease and unusual lumps, bumps and everything else that makes atipične.Liječnik will also get a history of personal health habits, any past illnesses and treatments given to those diseases.
Laboratory tests procedures for testing of tissue samples, blood, urine and other substances in tijelu.Testovi will also help in diagnosing the disease, as well as assist in planning, management and control of it.
sputum test : This may show evidence of cancer cells in the lungs. To ensure more accurate diagnosis with a single sputum collection, sputum is usually collected for three days.
optic bronchoscopy : an overview using a small flexible lighted tube to pass into the channel of the nose, then the corresponding bronchi (airways) to cancer. If cancer is detected, then a small piece of cancer was removed for biopsy examination so that the exact type of cancer can be determined and appropriate treatment given.
Percutaneous needle biopsy : This exam involves inserting a thin needle through the skin and chest into the tumor. This is a test for tumors that are near the surface of the lungs and is often used in conjunction with a CAT scan helps in guiding the needle into the tumor.
excision or surgical removal of the : This process can lead to further diagnosis of suspected tumor through a small incision in prsima.Mali thin video camera is inserted into the chest to assist in removing small block of lung tissue by mechanical surgical stapling device or laser with the clinical procedure.
Mediastinoscopy : This test helps to assess how extensive the tumor is looking into the middle of the chest through a small incision just below the collar line. Samples were taken from the lymph nodes in the middle of the chest (mediastinum). The chances for surgical treatment of lung cancer is automatically eliminated, if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
Mediastinotomy : Unlike mediastinoscopy, chest cavity is cut open the sternum (breastbone) and / or ribs allows the surgeon to reach and test more lymph nodes by removing samples of mediastinal lymph nodes. It is a complex test, a patient must undergo general anesthesia.
Thoracentesis . A sample of fluid around the lungs take a needle to check for cancer cells
thoracotomy . To test for malignancy in the chest must be opened to the procedure performed in the hospital as one of the major operations
thoracoscopy . Procedure using a thin, lighted tube connected to video cameras to monitor and review the space between the lungs and chest
bone marrow biopsy with a needle sample of bone is removed usually measuring about 1 / 16 inches across and 1 inch long. This is often taken back with the hip bone. A microscopic sample is checked for cancer cells. This procedure is performed primarily to diagnose small cell lung cancer.
blood test : complete blood test checks for the exact number of different cell types that show whether you have anemia or other related problems. Blood tests show chemical abnormalities in the organs and other body parts. Blood tests are repeated regularly, especially if someone is undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs affect blood-forming bone marrow cells, and sometimes cause a lot of problematic side effects. If the cancer has spread to his liver and bones, it could cause certain chemical abnormalities in the blood and exacerbate the problems already suffered a patient.
Other tests and procedures for the detection of lung cancer include:
Chest x-ray : Chest x-rays make up about half of all x-rays obtained at bolnicama.X-rays are usually done in order to get an evaluation of your lungs, heart and koš.Prsima pelvic x-ray test is the first doctor to look for any tumor or of the lungs. If it is normal there is probably a big no lung cancer, but if anything suspicious is detected, the doctor will order additional tests. Pneumonia, heart failure, emphysema, other medical conditions, and lung cancer can be located with the chest x-ray.
CT scan or Computed Tomography also known as CT or CAT scan : This equipment has been available over-sectional images of organs and tissues in tijelu.MAČKA scanning particularly useful for diagnosing the tumor as which is far more detail than conventional chest x-ray. It shows the different types of body tissues, including lung, heart, bone, soft tissue, muscle and blood vessels at the same time.
Modern CT scan images of breast from different angles using a method called spiral (or helical) CT. With the help of computers, processes images to create sectional images or "slices" of the area causing the concern. Images can then be printed or viewed on a monitor. To obtain a better picture after the first set of scans are taken intravenously, the radio-contrast agent was administered through a review of structures within tijela.Drugi set of pictures then it takes so that they can be examined together.
information on the size, shape and position of the tumor provide CT. This helps detect any enlarged lymph nodes, which could contain cancer that has spread from the lungs. When searching for early lung cancer and to ensure patients receive the treatment they need as quickly as possible, CT is much more sensitive than ordinary routine chest x-ray. In the search for tumors in the adrenal glands, brain and other internal organs most commonly affected lung cancer spread to CT is also useful.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) : MRI use radio waves and strong magnets instead of x-zraka.Energije released from the radio waves is absorbed and re-released in a pattern shaped by the type tissues and disease under investigation.
pattern of radio waves is given by the tissues and organs are highly detailed images of body parts using a very sophisticated computer. It can also produce slices parallel to the length of his body as a CT scanner produces cross-section slices of the body.
positron emission tomography (PET) : This scan uses glucose, which is a form of sugar that contains a radioactive atom. Large quantities of radioactive sugar is absorbed into cancer cells, and a special camera is then able to detect radioactivity.
to find out if someone is suffering from early stage lung cancer PET scan is a very useful test. Often used to detect if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Fri scans are valuable in determining whether the shadows on chest x-ray is cancer or not. Fri scans are also helpful when the doctor thinks the cancer has spread, but not sure where the spread can be.
Given that PET scans to scan your whole body around the place of several different x-rays. Bone scan: a radioactive substance (usually technetium diphosphonate) is injected into venu.Radioaktivne substance accumulates in areas of bone is suspected of having cancer metastasis (spread). Because small amounts of radioactivity used to not cause any long-term consequences.
Bone scan results should be read in conjunction with the results of other tests performed, and other bone diseases can also cause an abnormal scan results. Bone scans are usually performed on patients with small cell lung cancer, and also in non-small cell lung cancer patients when other test results or symptoms suggest the cancer has spread to the bones - the diagnosis of lung cancer
0 comments:
Post a Comment